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Elder Lister
Numbering between half-a-million and 3 million, the Akhdam are Afro-Yemenis who are the descendents of a pre-Islamic Ethiopian army that invaded the country more than 1500 years ago. One popular belief holds that they are descendants of Nilotic Sudanese people who accompanied the Abyssinian army during the latter's occupation of Yemen in the pre- Islamic period. They remained in the country as slaves and servants once the occupation ended, and subsequently became the lowest rung in the Imamate’s caste system. When the Imam was overthrown during the revolution in 1962 slavery in Yemen was officially abolished, yet the stigma of being a member of the “Akhdam” remains. Set apart by their African features, they face much discrimination, and are mostly confined to menial labor. Most of the ‘Akhdam’ live in slums, known as 'mahwa’, on the outskirts of Yemen’s largest cities.